For many immigrants, getting a green card isn’t just about paperwork. It’s about finally feeling settled.
But once your petition gets approved, a big question shows up: Do you finish your process here in the U.S., or do you go back home to do it?
Both routes, adjustment of status (AOS) and consular processing, will take you to the same result, but the experience along the way can be very different.
What does adjustment of status mean?
Adjustment of status lets certain immigrants who are already in the United States apply for permanent residence without leaving the country.
It’s usually the go-to option for people who are here legally, for instance, on a valid visa, or who qualify through a close family member who’s a U.S. citizen or green card holder.
Why people often prefer this route:
- You can stay in the U.S. while your case is pending.
- You might qualify for a work permit (EAD) and a travel document (Advance Parole).
- You don’t have to deal with the stress or expense of traveling abroad for an interview.
That said, this process isn’t open to everyone. Some people who overstayed their visas or had past immigration issues might not qualify unless they meet certain exceptions under section 245(i) or can get a waiver.
What about consular processing?
Consular processing happens outside the U.S., usually at a U.S. consulate or embassy in your country of origin.
This is the path for those who are living abroad or who can’t apply for adjustment of status within the U.S.
Here’s what it involves:
- Having your petition approved, for example, Form I-130 or I-140.
- Filling out the DS-260 online application.
- Completing a medical exam and attending your interview at the consulate.
If all goes well, you’ll be granted an immigrant visa and can enter the U.S. as a permanent resident.
This process can sometimes move faster, but it’s not without risk.
If you’ve ever overstayed a visa or accumulated unlawful presence, leaving the U.S. might trigger a reentry ban, something you definitely want to check before making a move.
Which option should you choose?
Honestly, it depends on your situation.
If you’re already in the U.S. and meet the criteria, adjustment of status is usually the smoother and less disruptive route. You can stay close to your family while your paperwork moves forward.
If you’re living abroad or don’t qualify to adjust, consular processing might be your only path. In those cases, preparation is crucial, especially if your history includes overstays or previous immigration issues.
Both processes involve different agencies, plenty of forms, and waiting times that can test your patience.
But what really makes the difference is having a strategy, choosing the route that minimizes risk, avoids unnecessary delays, and keeps your loved ones together.
At The HMA Law Firm, we’ve helped hundreds of families navigate both adjustment of status and consular processing, adapting each case to fit their personal stories.
Whether your path continues in the U.S. or starts from abroad, what matters is having the right team by your side every step of the way.
If you’re unsure which option makes sense for your case, our attorneys can help you explore your choices and move forward with confidence.